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JHIV is a retrovirus which depletes the number of T-helper (CD4) cells and gradually causes immunosuppression. There are several strains of the virus, but all have the same effect
HIV crossed from chimpanzees to man on 4 occasions: nearly all isolates in M grouping
First UK case 1959, US 1981 HIV death peaked in 2005
Antiretroviral drugs
Virus
• Non-cellular parasitic microorganisms which have no intrinsic metabolic capabilities
• Rely on host cells: only replicate inside living host cells and utilize host cell bio-machinery to do so
• Simple structures with few or no enzymes
• Exhibit narrow host range and often show tropism
Antiviral chemotherapy tries to exploit the differences that do exist between viral and host cell
1. Targets unique to the virus
2. Target in virus is similar to but not identical to those in host cells
3. Target in virus is shared by host cell
Key target of aids
1. Fusion(entry) inhibition
2. Inhibition of reverse transcriptase
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