[언론정보학; Communications] Effects of the affordances of social media on the cultural identity of social movements; A case study of Anti-Extradition Bill Protests of 2019 in Hong Kong

소개글

해외석사 커뮤니케이션(언론정보학) 에세이 입니다! 홍콩시위 사태 사례들어 소셜미디어의 affordance에 대해 분석하였고 distinction 받은 에세이입니다. (하버드양식)

목차

1.Introduction
2.Theoretical Framework
3.Role of social media in the development of a culture of connectivity
4.Role of social media in the development of creating collective claims
5.Role of social media in facilitating protestor’s identity formation
6.Role of social media in protestor recruitment and designing recruitment strategies
7.Sidestepping conventional media gatekeepers
8.Denigration of a social movement’s cultural identity and values
9.Conclusion

본문내용

In the last decade, social media platforms have been credited for increasing the civic engagement of citizens globally, and in the process facilitating greater level of activism (Zheng, 2016). Current evidence suggests that more people are using social media tools in civic or political engagement. In some societies today, like in the case of Chinese society where media censorship is customary, access to social media platforms are fast becoming a significant resource for ensuring successful social movement. While the exact number of people using social media for purposes of digital activist is imprecise, more than 674 million people in China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan, as a whole are social media users. This makes China the world’s largest social media market, in spite of government censorship (Blazyte, 2019). Because of the importance of social media in enabling environmental

참고 자료

Au, A., 2017. Collective Identity, Organization, and Public Reaction in Protests: A Qualitative Case Study of Hong Kong and Taiwan. Social Science, 6(1), pp. 1-17.
Barassi, V. (2015) Activism on the web: everyday struggles against digital capitalism. London: Routledge.
Baym, N. (2015) Personal Connections in a Digital Age. 2nd edition. Cambridge: Polity
Blazyte, A. (2019) Number of social network users in China from 2017 to 2023 (in millions). Statista. [online] Available: https://www.statista.com/statistics/277586/number-of-social-network-users-in-china/ (Accessed 5 Aug 2019)
Boyd, D. (2010) ‘Social Networking Sites as Networked Publics: Affordances, Dynamics, Implications’. In Papacharissi, Z. (ed.) A Networked Self. London and New York: Routledge.
Bucher, T. & Helmond, A. (2017) The affordances of social media platforms. In Burgess, J. Poell, T. and Marwick, A. (Eds.), The Sage Handbook of Social Media. London and New York: Sage. Retrieved open access from: http://www.annehelmond.nl/2016/08/01/theaffordancesof-social-media-platforms/
Chong, E., Zhang,Y, Mak, W., Pang, H. (2015) Social media as social capital of LGB individuals in Hong Kong: its relations with group membership, stigma, and mental well being. Am J Community Psychol., 55(1-2), pp. 228-38
Costanza Chock, S. (2014). Out of the shadows, into the streets. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Fenton, N., & Barassi, V. (2011) Alternative media and social networking sites: The politics of individuation and political participation. The Communication Review, 14(3), 179–196.
Fominaya, C. (2010) Creating Cohesion from Diversity: The Challenge of Collective Identity Formation in the Global Justice Movement, Sociological Inquiry, vol. 80 (3), pp.377– 404
Harlow, S. (2011) Social media and social movements: Facebook and an online Guatemalan justice movement that moved offline. New Media & Society, pp. 1–19.
Harp, D., Bachman, I. & Guo, L. (2012) The Whole Online World Is Watching: Profiling Social Networking Sites and Activists in China, Latin America, and the United States. International Journal of Communication, 6, pp. 298–321.
Hutchby, I. (2001) Technologies, Texts and Affordances. Sociology, 35, pp.441-456.
Junor, S. (2014) Social media changing the protest landscape in China. Xindex. [online] Available: https://www.indexoncensorship.org/2014/01/social-media-giving-rise-democratic-consciousness-china/ (Accessed 5 Aug 2019)
Juris, J. (2012). Reflections on #Occupy Everywhere: Social media, public space, and emerging logics of aggregation. American Ethnologist, Vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 259–279.
Kavada, A. (2015). Creating the Collective: social media, the occupy movement and its constitution as a collective actor. Information, Communication and Society, 18(8): 872-886.
Kharpal, A. (2019) How social media is shaping what people know — and don’t know — about the Hong Kong protests. NBC News [online] Available: https://www.cnbc.com/2019/06/13/hong-kong-protests-role-of-technology-and-china-censorship.html (Accessed 5 Aug 2019)
Mahtani, S. (2019) A student in Boston wrote ‘I am from Hong Kong.’ An onslaught of Chinese anger followed. The Washington Post. [online] Available: https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/a-student-in-boston-wrote-i-am-from-hong-kong-an-onslaught-of-chinese-anger-followed/2019/05/24/298ea3ee-719a-11e9-9331-30bc5836f48e_story.html?noredirect=on (Accessed 5 Aug 2019)
Marwick, A. (2013) Online Identity. In Hartley, J., Burgess, J. & Bruns, A. (eds), Companion to New Media Dynamics. Blackwell Companions to Cultural Studies. Malden, MA: Blackwell, pp. 355-364
Papacharissi, Z. (2015) Affective publics: sentiment, technology and politics. Oxford: OUP. [Chapter. 5: Affective Publics]
Polletta, F. & Jasper, J. (2001) Collective identity and social movements. Annu. Rev. Sociol., pp. 283–305.
Porta, D. and Diani, M. (2006). Social Movements: an introduction. Oxford: Blackwell.
Postill, J. (2012) Digital Politics and Political Engagement. In Horst, H. and Miller, D. (eds.) Digital Anthropology. Oxford: Berg. Pp. 165 - 184
Postill, J. (2018). The rise of Nerd Politics: digital activism and political change. London: Pluto.
Susen, S. (2011) Critical notes on Habermas’s theory of the public sphere. Sociological Analysis, 5(1), pp.37-62.
Treré, E. (2015). Reclaiming, proclaiming, and maintaining collective identity in the #YoSoy132 movement in Mexico: an examination of digital frontstage and backstage activism through social media and instant messaging platforms. Information, Communication & Society, 18(8), pp. 901-915
Van Dijck, J. (2013) The Culture of Connectivity: A critical history of social media. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Wong, B., 2019. Hong Kong’s identity crisis is one of its own making. [online] Available: https://www.scmp.com/comment/insight-opinion/article/3009243/hong-kongs-identity-crisis-one-its-own-making (Accessed 5 Aug 2019)
Yang, Y. (2016) How Large-Scale Protests Succeed in China: The Story of Issue Opportunity Structure, Social Media, and Violence. International Journal of Communication, 10(2016), pp. 2895–2914.
Zheng, Y. (2016) Affordances of social media in collective action: the case of Free Lunch for Children in China. Info Systems J, 26, pp. 289–313.