언어의 특성(Generalization and Specialization)
- 최초 등록일
- 2006.09.14
- 최종 저작일
- 2005.05
- 2페이지/ 한컴오피스
- 가격 1,000원
소개글
언어의 특성 중 몇가지를 영문으로 작성
목차
Metaphor and Metonymy
Compounding
본문내용
Change of meaning is not wholly chaotic. Rather, it follows certain paths. First, it is necessary to distinguish between the sense, or literal meaning, of an expression and its associations. Words change in both their senses and associations. G & S are changes of meaning in a sense. A sense may expand to include more referents than it formerly had(generalization), contract to include fewer referents(specialization), or shift to include a quite different set of referents.
A obvious classification of meaning is that based on the scope of things to which it can apply. When we increase the scope of a word, we reduce the number of features in its definition that restrict its application. The process of a word is generalization. That is, a word that once had a rather narrow meaning comes to refer to a broader scope of things over time. For instance, TAIL in earlier times seems to have meant `hairy caudal appendage`. When we eliminated the hariness from the meaning, we increased its scope, so that in Modern English the word means simply `caudal appendage`. Similarly, a MILL was earlier a place for making things by the process of grinding, that is, for making meal. By eliminating one of the features of its earlier sense, the grinding, the scope of this word has been extended to mean now simply a place for making things, so that we may speak of a wooden mill, a steel mill, or even a gin mill. The word BARN earlier denoted a storehouse for barley. In present day English the meaning of this word has generalized to extended to mean a storehouse for any kind of grain. American English has still further generalized the term by eliminating the grain, so that barn may mean also a place for housing livestock.
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