A New Approach to Measuring the Economic Impacts of Tourism

서지정보

ㆍ발행기관 : 한국관광서비스학회 ㆍ수록지정보 : 관광서비스연구 / 2권 / 1호
ㆍ저자명 : Larry Dwyer

목차

Introduction
The Standard View of Tourism's Economic Impacts
The Need for an Alternative Framework of Analysis
Impacts of tourism expenditure in real world economies
Factor Supply Constraints
Exchange Rate Appreciation
Fiscal Policy
Implications for Industrial Structure
Implications for Regions
What Remains of the Standard View?
Conclusions and Areas for Further Research
References

한국어 초록

The traditional approach to estimating the economic impacts of tourism isbased on the theory that increased tourism expenditure has direct, indirect andinduced effects on a host destination, leading to increased production, incomeand employment. This Standard View assumes strong multiplier effects fromthis expenditure on output, value added and employment. The usual techniquefor analysing these effects is Input-output analysis which is used extensivelyby consultants and government authorities for estimating the economic returnswhich will flow to a community from changes in tourism expenditure, thehosting of an event or from tourism infrastructure investments.This Standard View is superficial, and very often misleading, because itignores economy wide effects as the tourism generated expenditure flowsthrough the economy. An expanding tourism industry tends to crowd out othersectors of economic activity reducing the demand for traditional exports andimport competing industries and impacting on demand for goods and services,labour and other resource within the economy. These crOWding out effects willdepend firstly, on the extent of the price and real exchange rate adjustmentswhich these changes set in train, and secondly on the governments policyframework which will determine the macroeconomic context in which theadjustments occur. Analysis of these complex processes generally requires theuse of Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) modelling, rather than theexisting Input-output techniques. Measured in this way the economic returnsto a community from additional tourism expenditures will often be found to besubstantially different.The relevance of these findings go beyond their immediate interest totourism economists. They demand the attention of tourism planners andtourism marketers as well as public policy makers. As a result of thedevelopment of more sophisticated modeling techniques in recent years, thestudy of the economic impacts of tourism is set to become a more fertileground for research.

영어 초록

The traditional approach to estimating the economic impacts of tourism is
based on the theory that increased tourism expenditure has direct, indirect and
induced effects on a host destination, leading to increased production, income
and employment. This Standard View assumes strong multiplier effects from
this expenditure on output, value added and employment. The usual technique
for analysing these effects is Input-output analysis which is used extensively
by consultants and government authorities for estimating the economic returns
which will flow to a community from changes in tourism expenditure, the
hosting of an event or from tourism infrastructure investments.
This Standard View is superficial, and very often misleading, because it
ignores economy wide effects as the tourism generated expenditure flows
through the economy. An expanding tourism industry tends to crowd out other
sectors of economic activity reducing the demand for traditional exports and
import competing industries and impacting on demand for goods and services,
labour and other resource within the economy. These crOWding out effects will
depend firstly, on the extent of the price and real exchange rate adjustments
which these changes set in train, and secondly on the governments policy
framework which will determine the macroeconomic context in which the
adjustments occur. Analysis of these complex processes generally requires the
use of Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) modelling, rather than the
existing Input-output techniques. Measured in this way the economic returns
to a community from additional tourism expenditures will often be found to be
substantially different.
The relevance of these findings go beyond their immediate interest to
tourism economists. They demand the attention of tourism planners and
tourism marketers as well as public policy makers. As a result of the
development of more sophisticated modeling techniques in recent years, the
study of the economic impacts of tourism is set to become a more fertile
ground for research.

참고 자료

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